How to distinguish the authenticity of gold, silver, jade, and gems

◆ What are the simple ways to identify the authenticity of gold?

If people in the longest view of society in society, gold has sand gold; there is a colorful gold in cooked gold; in the colorful gold, it is based on various types of gold, gold strips, and gold utensils. The general method of identifying these gold authenticity is to use nitric acid. Most of them are gold, but there are also white gold (platinum) and a few precious metals.

The adulteration methods in sand gold, mainly:

(1) Sand gold with brass gold plating, bronze mixing and yellow iron mines;

(2) Silver -plated silver -mixed sand gold;

(3) Sand gold at the end of the furnace.

● Generally the first type of adulteration sand gold, as long as it is burned with an emergency, it can be preliminarily determined whether it is fake. It is true sand gold; or use sand acid to point its grinding road. If the grinding tract changes or disappears, it is a fake sand gold.

● In the second type of fake sand gold, because silver is not easy to be burned and discolored, you can use cutting the sand gold group to see if there is a white point in the section under the magnifying glass. The grinding road of nitric acid is mixed with silver gold.

● The third type of sand gold is the most deceived, because the furnace cylinder ash is not afraid of burning or sour. At this time Click on its head, such as the disappearance of the grinding road is true sand gold, if there are still obvious traces, it is a fake sand gold such as the end of the cylinder.

● There is a formula for people commonly used in cooked gold in cooked gold, that is: weighing weight, looking at color, discussion rhyme, softness, and acid. Because golden density is significantly greater than common metals such as copper, silver, lead, and zinc, it is about twice as much as the same volume of silver and copper. If the items are gold, there is a heavy feeling. This is the "gold pending" of the people's ministry, otherwise it is light.

● Gold has its unique golden brown luster (exceptional exception). Pure gold will flashed with dazzling light under strong light. Essence

● High -colored gold, the sound of the time when it is thrown in the ground has no rhyme and elasticity, and the low gold sound quality of the low color is slightly brighter, and when the copper products are thrown on the ground, the sound loud. Therefore, according to the sound of the knocks, we can help us distinguish between common metals and gold.

● Gold has the characteristics of good ductility and small hardness. Pure gold is folded and soft, and the bronze strips are laborious. Or use large head needles (nails are also fine). If the force is not large, the traces are obviously gold, and the copper is slightly larger and the traces are slightly worse. It is only difficult for gold bars, gold coins, bricks, and the like. The authenticity of the first judgment of gold is also effective, but it is necessary to use different orientation of the inspection objects. If the color of several grinding roads is obviously different, adulteration is undoubtedly mixed.

● When not believed the identification method of the above -mentioned cooked gold, you can only use nitric acid to point it, that is, the nitric acid point its grinding road to determine its true or false.

◆ Golden jewelry identification

1. When the authentic is bending with hands, it is soft and easy to bend. Traces.

2. The gold jewelry was thrown on the floor and made a "click" sound. Dark yellow, excessive red is pseudo -gold, light color is silver, aluminum and other mixed alloy.

4. It is really heavier, fake lighter.

5. The fire does not change color, the fake refractory resistance becomes black -purple, not light.

6. After the red burning red, it is quenched into the water, the color does not change.

◆ The identification of gold jade jewelry

● First pay attention to the gold content. China is marked with the words of foot red, gold, 80 %, 70 %, 90 %, and 10 %. For full gold, about 99.6%, 22K is 91.3%, 20K is 83%, 18K is 75%, 14K is 58.3%, and 12K is 50%.

● Differential jade jewelry: Really jade is very hard and wear -resistant, the quality of the jade inside the jade is inferior to the quality of the jade. The sound is crisp.

◆ The identification of the thin gold jewelry

This gold jewelry is based on copper as the main raw material, which is appropriately added with trace elements. -24K golden color, more abrasion resistance than gold, the proportion is lighter than gold.c20K, C18K, C14K, etc. It is equivalent to 20K, 18K, 14K golden color. n ◆ Archimede judged the authenticity of the gold

The king of Syusla, Elira, gave him a piece of gold to make him a crown. After the Crown was made, the king felt a little light in his hand. He suspected that the golden craftsman was mixed with fake, but the Golden Artist said no with his head, and said in person to say that he was as heavy as the original gold block. The king was still skeptical, but he couldn't get evidence, so he called Archimede and asked him to solve this problem.

In after returning home, Archimede closed the door and thanked the guests, meditation, but puzzled.

One day, his wife forced him to take a bath. When he jumped into the pool, the water overflowed from the pool. When Archimid heard the sound of the flowing flow, inspiration suddenly came out. He jumped out of the pool and didn't even wear clothes. He rushed to the street and shouted: "Youleja! Youleja! (Meaning to discover it)". The lady was so anxious this time, and she murmured "It's crazy, it's really crazy", and then chased out. The people on the street did not know what happened, and they followed behind.

turns out that Archimede has found a way to solve the crown problem from the bathtub overflowing: the same substances of the same quality are soaked in water, and the volume of the overflowing water should be the same. If the crown is placed in the water, the volume of the overflowing water should be the same as the volume of the gold block of the same quality, otherwise the crown will definitely be mixed with fake.

Aji immediately found a pot of water after running to the palace for the palace, and also found a piece of gold that weighed the same weight. It was almost doubled, and then he soaked the crown and gold blocks into the basin. The crown overflowed more than the gold block. Obviously, the quality of the crown was not equal to the quality of the gold block. The crown must be fake. In the face of the facts of the iron, the golden craftsman had to bow his head to admit that the crown was indeed mixed with silver. The annoying crown's mystery finally unlocked.
The natural emerald (commonly known as A goods) is rich in color, common green, green, white, white, brown red, light purple, light yellow, etc., the color is natural, and the color is uneven. High -end emerald carefully observes the quality of the texture, and some small reflection can be seen in the direction of the conversion, which is the emeraldness unique to jadeite.
The emeralds that have been manually treated on the market. Generally, there are bleaching charging processing, dyeing treatment, and bleaching charging plus dyeing treatment, which is commonly known as emerald B, C goods, B C goods.
The identification of the authenticity of jadeite is not easy. Generally, consumers must determine whether it is a real natural jadeite to go to the authoritative appraisal department to identify. There are about 6 standards for evaluating emeralds: color, transparency, structure, defects, cracks, cutting and carving.

At present, some stalls selling Baoyu in the market often mixed into some exquisitely processed artificial jade. Reliable ways to distinguish are: see, listen, and test.

depends mainly on the transparency of the crystal, strong transparency in the real jade, and grease;

Listen, the true jade sound is crisp, otherwise the sound is dumb;

Test, Zhenyu passed the glass, leaving scratches on the glass, while the jade itself was not damaged.

M common fake jade is plastic, colorful glass, cloud stone (marble), electro -color fake jade made of synthetic classes made of jade powder and crystal with salt water. Methods, the means of identification are also different.

M plastic texture is lighter than jade, poor hardness, and is generally easy to identify.

is also easy to distinguish after get off work. As long as you get a light or the sun, you will see a lot of bubbles in the glass.

The is difficult to distinguish between electro -color and jade. This purpose is plated to give inferior jade plating a beautiful emerald green appearance. It is easy to mistakenly think that it is true jade. At this time, you need to observe it carefully. If there are some small green cracks in the green, it is false jade. Because it will leave a crack during electroplating, the experts call it "spider claw". Some people say that when the electro -color fake jade is placed in the hot oil, the electrolador will fade away, and it will be repaid.

The synthetic jade made of jade powder and crystal and salt water is a dark old pit jade. The appraisal method is simple, that is, their proportion is different. The proportion of natural jade is 3.3-3.4, while the proportion of artificial synthetic jade is only 2.8. You can distinguish between true and false with your hands, or weigh it with balance.

The jade imitation of nitrics looks white and brighter than jade. The ancients said: "Jade is high, it must be high." That is, Bai Yu is like a nitrate, which is considered to be high -level. It can be seen that the nitrate and jade are difficult to distinguish. However, authenticity is different after all. In terms of color, white jade is often green in white, and there are very few pure white people, and the nitrogen is pure and white. As far as jade is concerned, jade is moist and delicate, such as fat like cream, although the nitrate is also warm, but it is inevitable that there is thief light. Baiyu is a natural product, and it is difficult to be uniform in constitution. Nitches are made of manual, there is no appearance. The white jade texture is solid, and the airless bubbles can be found. No matter how good the nitrics are processing, there are often bubbles and air -eyed exposure. To clarify these, you will not treat the nitrate products as a jade.
The silver head jewelry has many types and complicated colors. Silver jewelry is generally mixed with other metals to varying degrees, so how to identify silver jewelry?
(1) Check the hardness
The higher the color of the silver jewelry, the softer the quality, the more white and moisturizing the surface. Take the silver bracelet of about 60 grams as an example. If you open it with your hand, there is no elasticity, and its color is about 95%; if it is a bit elastic, the color is about 80%~ 90%; %the following.
(2) Look at the stubble port
This cutting or folding the silver jewelry to see the color of the stubble mouth. If the jewelry is soft, the stubble mouth is thick and soft, with a slight redness, the color is about 95%; if the hands are bent hard, the stubble mouth is white and gray, or slightly reddish, the color is about 90%; Larger, the stubble mouth is light red, yellow and white, or gray, with a color of about 80%; if the bend is hard, the stubble mouth is red, yellow, yellow, etc., and the color is about 70%; Or yellow in the yellow, the color is 60%. rn（3）银药抹试rn将银饰品在试金石上磨出银道（与试黄金相同），用银药（银药是用银粉与水银混合成软体状）在银Apply the road, the color of the silver medicine is high, and the color of the silver medicine is low.
(4) Color discrimination
The eye force to identify its color and true and false. High color, it looks white, delicate, shiny, and printed on the jewelry with manufacturers, shop numbers and other marks; low color, slightly yellow color, rough workmanship; fake silver jewelry is dark and unclean.
(5) Bending method
M pinch with your fingers, soft and flexible, easy to be bent and not easy to break; Can't move with your fingers; Baoyin's bending or knocking with a hammer will crack; if you fake it, you can't stand the bend and easily break.
(6) Throwing method
The high -colored silver jewelry is heavy, and it is not high on the tablet, there is a sound of "click"; The upper bounce was very high, and the sound made is relatively crisp.
(7) Nitric acid identification method
This dripping nitric acid at the mouth of the silver jewelery with a glass rod, which is high in color with a high color, hidden green or slightly green; the low color is dark green, and even black.
In addition, when purchasing silver jewelry, you must select the quality from the following four aspects:
(1) Look at welding. Some silver jewelry is welded, so it depends on whether the welding is clean, whether there are fake welding or opening welding.
(2) Look at the brightness. It is required to be pure and bright.
(3) Look at the plane. Be firm and Zhou Zheng.
(4) Look at the hook claws. It depends on whether the hook claws are burrs, whether they are tie, scrape their clothes, and wear it convenient.
The gem appraisal work can be divided into three aspects:

① The gem name is determined.

② material classification, clear material attributes.

③ gemstone quality divisions.

(1) Gem name. For gem identification, the density and refractive index data of the gemstone can be determined. For example: the gem density in the test is 3.52 (± 0.01) g / cm^3, the refractive index is 2.417, the color is scattered O.O44, and then it can be named diamond (diamond) combined with its high thermal conductivity. If you also have data in the chemical composition and crystal structure of gems, the name of the gem will be more accurate. Based on the name of gem ore species, it is divided into variants according to color or special light (cat eye, starlight, color change and color change). For example: The names of green pillars gemstone are divided into green green pillars (also known as emerald) according to the color divided by color. The blue green pillars are called sea blue gems, and colorless green pillars are called transparent green pillars. Special light green pillars, including green pillar cat eyes, star light green pillars, etc. Gem Gemstone minerals are divided into variants names according to color. Rigida with special light can draw starlight rubber, star -light sapphire, sapphire cat eye, etc.

(2) Material classification. Material classification appraisal is one of the most difficult tasks proposed to gem appraisers. Before the gem name is named, you must answer the following questions:

① Is the gem natural or synthetic or artificial?

② Is the gem staining and surface coating? Have you been not injected or chemically treated?

③ Is the gem heat treated or color diffusion?

④ Is the gem radiation coloring?

⑤ Is the gem surface cracks and holes filled artificially?

In the material attribute, we divide the materials into two categories: gems and artificial products
gems are:

① Natural gem It refers to the natural mineral crystals that have not been artificially affected, and are synonymous with "pure" and "'natural". Including various natural materials.

② Optimized gemstones (artificial treatment gem): Its stone is natural substance, and through various new methods and new methods such as chemical, hot, optical, high -energy radiation, etc. , To increase the value of gems. For the boundary between natural gems and processing gemstones, it is often difficult to draw a boundary due to different means of processing and the intensity of processing.

The artificial product:

① Synthetic gemstones: In some artificial method, the product formed by the crystallization of artificial control, the physical nature or chemistry formed by the crystallization of it. The nature and crystal structure are basically consistent with the corresponding natural gemstone. Such as synthetic diamonds, synthetic rubies, synthetic sapphires, etc.

② artificial stone: refers to various crystals that grow artificially, their chemical composition, physical properties and crystal structure, without natural controls. This kind of artificial stone is an imitation product of a gem, such as artificial cubic aluminum (ZRO2) imitation diamond, high hardness (8.5), and the optical effect is very similar to diamonds, but its chemical ingredients, physical properties and crystal structures are all all, all of which are all all. Unlike natural diamonds, there is no natural control. It can only be called artificial stone, not "synthetic gemstone".

③ combined stone (also known as combination stone): Combined stone refers to combining two or more crystals or non -crystals, combined with adhesives or other means to form products into products in non -natural methods into products. It can be divided into gems, other minerals, and chemicals. Entering the market for the market: emeralds, ruby, and ruby. rnrn④仿制品：采用各种材料：化学的、塑料的、玻璃的、人工晶体等材料，模仿天然宝石、合成宝石的效应，外观或颜色，而不具它们的化学性质、 Physical properties and crystal structure. There are both gem imitation products and synthetic gem imitation products.

⑤ Reconstruction: The raw material of the gemstone, through the method of melting, bonding or fusion, processing into an overall artificial product.

At present, all kinds of artificial products have poured to the market to identify various artificial products to ensure that the mission of gemstones is quite heavy. >>>> Teach you the four tricks of cleaning Apple!

(3) The quality of gems. Gem quality is classified, according to the three categories of diamonds, colored gems, and jade. At present, the principles and methods of classification are relatively complete based on the quality grading standards of diamonds, and the quality grading standards of non -ferrous gems and jade, regardless of domestic or abroad, have not obtained uniformly recognized uniform standards like diamond 4C standards. The quality of diamonds is generally adopted internationally with 4C grading standards, namely weight, color, clarity, and cutting work. my country has formulated the national standards of "Diamond Tie", which uses 4C standards in principle. However, it should be noted that the 4C standards and people's understanding and mastery have different tendencies in different periods, that is, the focus of 4C will be different. At first, people emphasized weight and believed that the larger the diamond was the most valuable. Later, it was found that not all the quality of the big diamonds was good, so it developed to the pursuit of high -color level, even high calination, crystal clear, dazzling, and the more precious and rich. What is the next focus? People wait and see! Some people now propose that the most perfect diamond comes from superb cutting. The status of cutting may rise.

The jewelry industry of various countries is studying the establishment of the quality grading system of non -ferrous gems and jade. People propose that based on the 4C standards of diamond quality grading, gradually establish and improve the quality grading standards of non -ferrous gems and jade. This It's the current big